GRAMMAR

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     Analyzing sentence is important in written English since it measures your ability in comprehending sentence by sentence that forms a text. The analysis primarily studies the syntax of the sentence. In order to give clear explanation, the following, the writer was tried to analyze a text taken from a well-known novel entitled "SHERLOCK HOLMES"; It is given two-examples of sentence analysis, are as follows:

The example of sentences analysis:
 
Line 1 
“so far I have been able to quote from the reports which I have forwarded during these early days to Sherlock Holmes”
 
Analysis:
  1. This sentence is called complex sentence because it consists of one independent clause and one dependent clause, these clauses are joined by a subordinator “which”.
  2. This sentence uses the same tenses that is present perfect tense; in independent clause (I have been able to…) using present perfect tense in nominal sentence showed by S + have + been + complement; in dependent clause (…which I have forwarded…) using present perfect tense too; however, in verbal sentence, showed by S + have + forwarded (past participle form of “forward”.
 Line 2
 “now, however, I have arrived at a point in my narrative where I am compelled to abandon this method and to trust once more to my recollections, aided by the diary which I kept at the time”
 
Analysis:
  1. This sentence is called compound – complex sentence; it consists of three independent clauses, and two dependent clauses. Between independent clause and dependent clause are connected by a subordinator “where”.
  2. This sentence has contrast meaning with sentence in line 1 because there is a sentence connector “however”.
  3. This sentence uses three kind of tenses; in first independent clause (I have arrived at…) using present perfect tense in verbal sentence that is showed by S + have + arrived (past participle form of “arrive”); in first dependent clause (…where I am compelled to …) using simple present tense in passive voice form that is showed by S + to be present (am) + V3 compelled (past participle form of “compel”); in second independent clause (…to trust once more to my recollections) using simple present tense (the subject in this sentence is not written because of avoiding a repetition of subject. The subject in this sentence is not a noun or a phrase yet a sentence ”I am compelled”); in third independent clause (…,aided by the diary) using simple present tense in passive voice form and the subject is also left out; in second dependent clause (…which I kept at …) using simple past tense. It is showed by a change of verb “keep” becomes “kept”.
You can download the complete analysis here

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